Publication Date: October 30, 2020
Pages: 216
Series: Multicultural Education Series
In his new book, John P. Hopkins examines recent efforts to reform Indigenous education in public schools. Hopkins centers his critique on Montana State’s innovative and bold multicultural education policy called Indian Education for All (IEFA), and demonstrates why Indigenous education reforms must decolonize the curriculum and pedagogy to address the academic inequalities facing Native students. Using tribal critical race theory and culturally sustaining and revitalizing pedagogy, Indian Education for All proposes a shift in the ways teacher candidates learn about Indigenous education and instruct Native students. It explains why teachers and schools need to privilege Indigenous knowledge and explicitly integrate decolonization concepts into teaching and learning to address the academic gaps in Native education. This book will also help non-Native educators engage in productive and authentic conversations with tribal communities about what Indigenous education reform should entail.
Book Features:
John P. Hopkins is associate dean of students, director of the Diversity and Equity Center, and senior instructor of society and social justice at Saint Martin’s University.
“A major strength of Hopkins’ book is its recognition that successful reform of Indigenous education in the United States will take concerted and cooperative efforts by both the dominant Euro-American settler group and Indigenous Nations to achieve reconciliation and chart a path forward. Such work is predicated on mutual respect and the development of trust, not just between individuals, but between institutions and governments.”
—Teachers College Record
“Hopkins (Saint Martin's Univ.) provides the next steps forward for improving indigenous education in public schools. He engages several important questions, such as whether Native Americans and public-school educators can have authentic conversations, whether current reforms can reconcile tensions, and which reform strategies should be implemented. Hopkins first examines the historical and contemporary circumstances of Native American schooling in both broad and specific ways, providing a segue into a detailed look at Montana’s 50-year effort to establish today’s Indian Education for All policy. As Hopkins accurately points out, however, mere inclusion of Native-themed coursework is not enough to effect systemic change. Drawing on indigenous studies concepts such as survivance, he argues that a process of decolonization within the school systems must occur. Hopkins indicates that tribal critical race theory (TribalCrit) should be used to deconstruct how settler colonialism continues to pervade education for and about Native peoples.”
—CHOICE
“This important and highly accessible book is a must-read for students, practitioners and policymakers. Indian Education for All provides insights into the problems of the education policy of inclusion, moving toward decolonization and reconciliation.”
—Sir Read a Lot
“Hopkins offers insightful critiques of educational disparities fueled by settler colonialism and practical suggestions for meaningful Indigenous education reform that is centered on Montana’s Indian Education for All act. His proposal for a desettling learning process for White teachers is especially needed. A must-read for educational justice across Indian Country.”
—K. Tsianina Lomawaima, School of Social Transformation, Arizona State University
“In a time of widening inequities, what should education reform entail? Focusing on Montana’s Indian Education for All, Professor Hopkins urges a move beyond inclusion toward serious engagement with decolonization and reconciliation. More than critique, the book offers concrete strategies for disrupting coloniality and enacting transformative education partnerships. This important, highly accessible book provides a needed shift in stance whereby anti-colonialism becomes a vital education project for all.”
—Teresa L. McCarty, GF Kneller Chair in Education and Anthropology, University of California, Los Angeles
“Hopkins offers important insights into the problems of paradigms of inclusion as an approach to educational policy change and suggests, ultimately, that inclusion serves settler-colonialism. He compellingly argues that we must move to a politics of reconciliation and survivance through decolonizing conversations as the foundation of educational change efforts.”
—Megan Bang, professor of the learning sciences and psychology, Northwestern University; Senior Vice President, the Spencer Foundation
“This is exactly the right book at the right time. While it speaks directly to teachers and teacher educators, this book serves as a guide for all educators working to move from policy to effective practice. Grounded in place and the specificities of Montana’s Indian Education for All Act, Hopkins aims to desettle reformist strategies of inclusion and guide readers through the more culturally sustaining and revitalizing processes of reconciliation. It’s a must-read for students, practitioners, and policymakers.”
—Sandy Grande, professor of education and director, Center for the Critical Study of Race and Ethnicity, Connecticut College
Contents
Series Foreword vii
James A. Banks
Acknowledgments xiii
Preface xv
Terminology xv
Key Concepts in Native Studies xvi
The Way Forward xvii
Introduction 1
Indigenous Education Reform 3
Indian Schooling vs. Indigenous Education 5
Montana’s Inclusive Conversation of Indigenous Education Reform 7
The Philosophical Problem of IEFA 8
Methodologies 10
Overview of Chapters 12
1. Montana’s Indian Education for All: A Critical Overview 15
IEFA: Historical Background and Description 17
Developments in IEFA 21
The Inclusive Strategies of IEFA 24
Inclusive Conversations 28
The Limits of Inclusion 30
A Turn Toward Decolonizing Conversations 33
2. Colonizing Minds, Bodies, and Lands: Historical Interpretations of Indigenous Education Reform 37
A Mainstream Account of U.S.–Indigenous Relations 40
Colonialism: A Theory 42
Settler Colonialism and Structural Violence 43
The Dominant Colonizing Voice 47
Montana’s Colonizing Education History 54
Implications for IEFA 58
3. The Indigenous Voice of Survivance: Decolonizing Narratives 61
Decolonization 64
The Indigenous Voice of Survivance 72
Survivance and the Seven Essential Understandings 80
Survivance and Decolonization 82
4. The Politics of Reconciliation: Rethinking the Pathway to Indigenous Education Reform 85
Reconciliation: A Basic Concept 87
The Politics of Reconciliation 92
Reconciliation and Decolonization 98
Reconciliation and the Indigenous Voice of Survivance 100
IEFA and Reconciliation: A Pathway Toward Reform 103
Building and Strengthening Partnerships 104
5. Decentering Western Epistemology: A Tribal Knowledge Paradigm for Public Schools 109
Tribal Critical Race Theory 112
Key Tenets of TribalCrit 114
Mato Tipila, or “The Lodge of the Bear”: A Case Study 115
Knowledge Paradigms: Tribal and Western 117
Curriculum, Public Schools, and Traditional Western Epistemology 124
Decentering Western Epistemology 126
Tribal Knowledge and Western Epistemology: A Relationship 130
6. Desettling Teacher Preparation Programs: A Theory and Praxis 133
Teacher Preparation Programs and Cultural Competence 135
Indigenous-Centered Teacher Preparation Programs 141
Desettling: A Theory of Learning 144
Desettling Praxis 146
Conclusion: Envisioning a Way Forward 153
Rethinking Indigenous Education Reform Beyond Montana 154
Reconciliation: The Way Forward 157
Maine’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission: A Case Study 159
Reconciliation Beyond Montana 160
Concluding Remarks 169
References 171
Index 185
About the Author
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